Kupanda mmea
Mwongozo wa Shamba la FAO:
Mimea ina njia mbili za kuzaa, ngono kwa njia ya mbegu, na asexually au vegetatively kupitia tishu za mimea. Njia zote mbili hutokea katika mimea hai katika maumbile. Kwa asili, mimea mingine huzaa zaidi mboga wakati wengine hutegemea kabisa uzazi wa kijinsia. Kwa mfugaji wa mmea ni muhimu kuweza kudhibiti uzazi na mimea (uenezaji) ili kutoshea katika mpango wa kuboresha miti.
Kwa maumbile njia mbili za uzazi hutofautiana. Mbegu zina jeni kutoka kwa mzazi wa kike (ambapo tunakusanya mbegu) na mzazi wa kiume (ambayo inachangia poleni na ambayo mara nyingi haijulikani). Nyenzo ya mboga ni sawa na maumbile ya mmea mama kutoka mahali ilipokusanywa. Mwongozo wa sasa unashughulikia kabisa uenezaji wa mimea.
Kuna matumizi manne kuu ya uenezaji wa mimea katika Programu ya Uzalishaji wa Miti:
- Kuanzishwa kwa bustani za mbegu za clonal.
- Uanzishwaji wa benki za clonal.
- Uenezaji wa nyenzo maalum za kuzaliana, n.k. mahuluti ya kipekee ambayo hupotea kupitia uzazi wa kijinsia, mahuluti yasiyo na kuzaa n.k
- Uenezaji mkubwa wa vifaa vilivyochaguliwa.
Kuna njia kadhaa za uenezaji wa mimea. Aina kuu tatu katika uenezaji wa miti ya msitu ni upandikizaji, upangaji hewa na matumizi ya vipandikizi. Aina hizo tatu zinajulikana kama macropropagation, kama mbadala ya micropropagation au utamaduni wa tishu. Kueneza kwa vipandikizi ni njia rahisi na rahisi zaidi na kawaida hupendelea inapowezekana. Mpangilio wa hewa ni tofauti ya uenezaji na vipandikizi vya shina ambayo malezi ya mizizi huanzishwa kabla ya sehemu ya mmea
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- 18-11-2007 This manual was produced by Roots of Peace under USAID subcontract No. GS-10F- 0359M, Task Order #306-M-00-05-00515-00, Afghanistan Alternative Livelihoods Program for the Eastern Region. It was written by Ferenc Sandor of Roots of Peace, with support from Juan Estrada of DAI for the use by Roots...
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- 01-11-1993 This Manual is the first in a new series of readable, illustrated handbooks for propagating and planting tropical trees.The series is designed to provide clear and concise information on how to select, grow, plant and care for tropical trees. The Manuals are intended for anyone interested in...
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- What is Plant Propagation? Multiplication of plants and preservation (maintaining) their unique qualities for human use Purposeful act of reproducing plants via sexual and asexual reproduction Sexual: seed germination, some variation, not always identical to parent plant
- Perennial plants can be propagated in vegetative or generative ways. Fruit and nut trees are usually propagated by vegetative means using grafting methods. For this, there are two types of grafting methods: budding and grafting. Both of them are used for the same purpose - to create a new plant...
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- Several methods can be used to propagate or multiply tropical fruit trees, including 1) seed, 2) cutting, 3) micropropagation or tissue culture, 4) marcottage or air layering, and 5) grafting. Propagation by seed is regarded as the most “natural” method, but frequently the new plants are not...
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